The concept of first-rate supremacy

There is no denying the fact that the concept of preeminence is not up-to-the-minute, rather it is a continuous process in which the whole system remains operative for value for money covering sequential effect of ideal management stringency. More or less each realm in the world has several forms of sub-national government structure. Suffice it to say that if it is crying need  to preserve management services crosswise the country, or mutually, sub-national structures variety from nominated states, local, municipal or local governments with high degrees of  self-sufficiency, to local agents of the central state with minimal discretion – with numerous variations in between. The devolution deliberate addresses the central dilemma of public management – that of ‘delegated discretion’.

 

The question of argument in respect of office bifurcation tends to be cyclic where the parts of fundamental governments have a natural tendency to integrate, until some counter forces predominate to smooth and effective supremacy of the government. Post-Colonial administration frequently used decentralized government provision as a means of stretching their control, that is to say, through ‘circumlocutory rule’ or as  long as ‘schooling for democracy’ in the run-up to autonomy. During the 1940s – 1970s, there was a centralizing predisposition in much of the world: under communalism in central ad eastern Europe, USSR and China; in just this minute independent country where governments sought to consolidate their authority; and as a result of attempts at central economic planning in much of the developing world.

 

In the 1970s in some countries and since the 1980s in many more, there has been a strong tendency to decentralize, with most countries adopting some form of decentralization. This has been driven by:

• the failures of the central state to be sufficiently responsive to citizen needs and regional differences
• the failure of centralized economic planning to deliver results
• democratization in large parts of the world, bringing with it demands by local communities to control their own resources in accordance with local needs and priorities
• urbanization and growth of large, complex cities, necessitating more responsive systems of city governance
• budget problems of national governments for which decentralization of responsibilities is often seen (erroneously) as a solution
• donor pressures on governments to decentralize as a way of improving service delivery at the periphery, and of getting around obstructions at the centre.

 

Often, adverse or limited results from earlier attempts result in renewed centralization, only to be followed by further attempts at decentralization when the shortcomings of excessive centralization become evident once more. Within Europe, the basic treaties of the European Union specify subsidiarity as a principle- that is, that government functions should be carried out at the lowest level that can perform those functions effectively and efficiently.

 

In real life situation, transference of government structure is not a one-for-all modification but rather an unremitting process of modernization in regard to meticulous state of affairs as a tentative flow.

World Economic strategy of IBRD

There is no denying the fact that embryonic countries constantly demonstrate a predisposition to bring in the policy pronouncement of highly developed countries in their delicate resources despite the shifting of overall socio-economic procedure virtually. In bona fide world state of affairs aspects that next to influence the strategy decisions of budding countries are found fictional in progressive countries. It is evident that reserve constraints and technical non-progressive phenomena are two focal setting that formulate the budding countries reliant upon the advanced countries. The highly developed countries make available financial assistance for the economic development of the developing countries through unusual multilateral and bilateral donor agencies, which are officially termed as ‘Development Partner’

 The ‘Development Partner’ all the way through their lending tricks plays a vital role in the policy-making method of developing countries. The intact process is now more evident in an interestingly univocal world order that materialize after the collapse of communism as a governing and economic system in the 1980s. The international financial agencies more than ever the World Bank and International Monetary Fund as policy shift pursued a free-market-based world order where the developing countries were urged, cajoled and hard-pressed to initiate market economy through structural modification reforms.

As a result, over the last one-decade developing countries have made changes in their state oriented development strategy mostly in line with the policy advice of the Development Partners.

Development Partners. tend to justify their role in policy decisions of recipient countries that aids are given from the taxpayers’ money of the advanced countries who preserve the right to know whether money is being utilized in proper ways. Despite continued financial assistance by the Development partners a vast majority of world population in the recipient countries live under the poverty line and unable to meet their basic needs. Increasingly Development partners are becoming concerned with the aid effectiveness and often attribute the underdevelopment of third world countries to their inappropriate internal policies. Although the failure of IMF’s policy advice in managing the financial crisis in East Asia has given rise counter argument that the economic crisis afflicting the developing countries was fundamentally global in nature

 

The World Bank in its policy research report, “Assessing Aid, What works, What doesn’t, and Why” has laid emphasis on the internal policies of the recipient countries as important factors to make aid effective. In different international forums including the Aid Consortium Meeting that held under the auspices of the World Bank, the Development partners review the policy issues of the recipient countries with top priority; and before making any aid commitment want to make it sure that appropriate policy environment is prevailing in the recipient countries.

Among the Development partners the World Bank (WORLD BANK) is the most important whose confessional financial assistance has allowed it enormous access in the policy making process of developing countries which we can see with particular reference to Bangladesh.

 

The World Bank in the form of International Bank for Reconstruction and development has been working in Bangladesh since 1972, soon after the emergence of Bangladesh, its role in different sectors of development of Bangladesh is being geared up on a large scale. Robert Dr. McNamara was the First World Bank president visited Bangladesh in the year 1972 to weigh up the aid necessity of the war shattered country. The then highly nationalistic government that piloted to the emancipation of the country from occupying Pakistani forces was very much critical about the Bank’s close allies with the Pakistani regime. The dispute that emerged between the Bank and GOB was the issue of the Bangladesh’s share of debt liability. At those hyper critical states the then government declined to take the responsibility of debts taken by the erstwhile Pakistan government from different bilateral and multilateral donor agencies. In the First Aid Consortium meeting of donor countries, which was held in Dhaka in March 1973, the Bank exerted pressure upon the government to come to a solution on the debt issue. After long parley the then government had accepted an inherited debt liability of $483 million against the projects, completed before independence and physically located in the territory of the erstwhile East Pakistan. The process through which Bangladesh resolved it’s past debt liability was viewed as highly instructive and mentioned as a glaring example of the Bank’s pressure on Bangladesh. But dependence upon the external aid left very little option for the government of the newly independent country to reject the Bank’s conditional lending offer. Domestic resources that were available to the economy found inadequate to implement the development projects. As a result, despite the Bank’s controversial role in the liberation struggle, the GOB had to accept conditional external assistance to implement the first five-year plan, which was launched in 1973. In the subsequent years, dependence of the country on the mobilization and influx of foreign funds into Bangladesh for financing not only the development projects but also the import of food items and essential commodities has become more institutionalized.

Smoking versus Heart Diseases

There exists an amazing extent of indication that a multiplicity of appalling diseases materialize frequently in smokers than non-smokers and these diseases are: Lung cancer; emphysema causing thinning and weakening of lung tissue; cancer of the mouth, throat, larynx, gullet, bladder, and pancreas; coronary thrombosis causing snarl-up of arteries to the heart; angina pectoris causing pain due to contraction of arteries to the heart; and chronic bronchitis with phlegm. Moreover, Smoking materialize due to delay in healing of stomach ulcers; it trims down the senses of smell and taste; slows down reflexes which causes smokers more prone to accidents; and gives an distasteful smell from the breath, clothes, and homes of smokers. Very contemporary survey exemplifies that smoker’s cause danger to the health of non-smokers. Pregnant women smokers tend to have smaller babies than non-smokers, and their babies are more to be expected to be born dead or die a few days after birth. Besides such tremendously adverse affects, the children of smoking parents have more lung infections in the first years of life than the children of non-smokers.

During one hour in a smoky room, a non-smoker can gasp as much cancer-causing substances as some one smoking 15 filter-tip cigarettes. Infirmity consistent to smoking is very expensive. In U.K., France, Germany, China and USA, it results in the loss of about 60 millions working days a year, treatment costs several hundreds thousands dollar a day, and it causes the death of over a million people a week. However, those who give up smoking greatly trim down their chances of developing diseases. Hence it is obvious that smoking has been halfhearted every times and as such, even in general advertisement to sell their product, the work of publication of product’s brand name and packaging system to point toward the quality of the product has been proscribed.

A heart is the crucial point of human beings and as such, due to cause of blood transmission problems, lots of heart diseases come about. Blood circulation system takes place from the heart and arteries and veins are the carriers of it where as veins carry pure blood and entire circulation system remains in the state of continuous flow of balanced form of humans’ survival as a tentative flow.

Hypertensive heart disease:

It means high pressure. It is the most common disease affecting the heart and blood vessel. When pressure remains high, the heart uses more energy in pumping. Due to the increased effort, the heart muscle thickens and the heart becomes enlarged. It needs more oxygen; untreated high blood pressure can lead to decreased diameter of the arteries and arterioles causing atherosclerosis, strokes, heart attacks and kidney failure.

Heart Attack:

The most common heart problems result from faulty coronary circulation. A heart attack as well as cardiac infection is the death of an area of cardiac tissue because of an interrupted blood supply. This may result from a plaque in the arterial wall. The severity of the attack bedded on how much of the heart tissue is damaged. The heart will lose some of the strength after an attack.

Leukemia

It is a malignant disease; it occurs due to uncontrolled production of immature white blood cells. Cells which lack the genetic ability to reach immaturity anemia and bleeding are commonly seen due to the crowding out of normal bone narrow cells, over production of immature cells, preventing normal production of red blood cells and platelets. In order to protect from leukemia, we should take the following measures:

To take blood under the prescribed prescription of the physicians relevant to the heart diseases

To check heart complicacies, regular physical exercise is virtually important.

The patient of heart casualties should take regular physical exercise.

He should take cholesterol free as well hydrolysis type of foods like fats and oils free foods

Atherosclerosis

It is a process in which fatty things, particularly cholesterol and triglycerides are deposited in the walls of medium sized and large sized arteries. Smooth muscle cells of the arteries accumulate more of the cholesterol, and a plaque can be formed in the blood vessel. This can block the artery and present the blood flow. If this clot becomes dislodged, it can travel to other areas of the body and block the normal flow of the blood. We can prevent this by prohibiting fats and oil type of foods. We can also undertake physical exercise.

stroke:

The most common brain disorder is stroke. The common cause s of stroke is as follows:

Blood clots

Ruptured brain arteries. If such brain disorder takes place, very few people survive.

For Prevention of such state physical disorder, the following precautions need to be adopted virtually:

To lead a tension free life

To undertake regular physical exercise

A balanced food is virtually inevitable.

Coronary Thrombosis:

The build up athermancy makes blood vessel narrower and cuts down the flow of blood. This increases the brisk of blood clots forming. A clot can block a blood vessel and for such hyper critical state of mental affairs, a thrombus is formed and ultimately it tends to heart blockage which emanates severe consequences of death. Suffice it say, such heart blockage is quite responsible for a quarter of deaths around the world. More people in the world’s developed countries’ die each year and even if the affected part of the heart is damaged and sometimes a heart attack is so severe that the heart stops beating altogether, due to such sort of complicacy known as cardiac arrest, the humans can die unless the heart starts beating within a moment.

In view of the above, it is evident that Smoking is tremendously harmful for creating health hazards which has tremendous adverse affects upon overall mental affairs of the humans’ physical state. A man who enjoys sound sleep as well as sound body is really a healthy man. For healthy and tension free life, we need to abandon smoking adversely affecting upon physical and mental virtual health in a systematic manner. A heart is the focal point of human beings and as such, due to cause of blood transmission problems, lots of heart diseases fall out. Blood circulation system takes place from the heart and arteries and veins are the carriers of it where as veins carry pure blood and entire circulation system remains in the state of continuous flow of balanced form of humans’ endurance ideally.

The adverse effects of smoking and drug addicts

We should be spending taxpayer’s money by way of treating with the self infected disease by dealing poor life styles. Illness related to smoking as well as drug addicts is very expensive. In U.K., France, Germany, China and USA, it results in the loss of about 60 millions working days a year, treatment costs several hundreds thousands dollar a day, and it causes the death of over a million people a week. However, those who give up smoking greatly reduce their chances of developing diseases. There exists a remarkable extent of evidence that a variety of awful diseases emerge often in smokers and tremendous drug addicts, these are: Lung cancer; emphysema causing thinning and weakening of lung tissue; cancer of the mouth, throat, larynx, gullet, bladder, and pancreas; coronary thrombosis causing snarl-up of arteries to the heart; angina pectoris causing pain due to contraction of arteries to the heart; and chronic bronchitis with phlegm. Moreover, Smoking emerge due to delay in healing of stomach ulcers; it trims down the senses of smell and taste; slows down reflexes which causes smokers more prone to accidents; and gives an unpleasant smell from the breath, clothes, and homes of smokers. For all these reasons, the people of drug addicts suffer tremendously as well as mentally for which they deal poor life styles.

In view of the above, it is evident that a huge amount of money is involved for treatment of self creating diseases which are the mischievous hazards of life. In western world, they spend to pay taxpayers money which is the complete misuse on the part of the parents, youths and professionals. Due to continuous practice in taking drugs, one becomes the sufferer of heart disease and coronary infections. Leukemia is such disease where whole body infection takes place and cancer causing substances slowly get into the blood for which lives of the people become distorted and miserable.

Shakespeare’s poetic diction

William Shakespeare has occupied a great off-planet of poetic diction and it is he who has dimensionally been dedicated to contemplate human conflicts with different critics and psychological aspects of life in a penetrating and blood-and-guts materialization by bringing contrast of feelings for metaphorical representation and reflections of factual events. In his almost all play’s, Shakespeare has correlated the sense of using poems to show the ethics of human conflicts and contrasts by bringing similarities and dissimilarities of human attitudes with the nature and the tremendous beauties of forceful happenings what is ordered and disciplined. In composing sonnet, he has intensified his views regarding nature by bringing contrasts with human conflicts and attitude in question. He was a personality of poetic distinctness with which he was well versed in trimming the common thing into the depth of illuminated realm that is sequentially philosophy of life mammoth, intensive and bedded on wide range of truth and preponderated

As has been reflected in the sonnet XXIX by William Shakespeare, a true love of his beloved with nature has been vividly contemplated in a weighty manner. The poet thinks that his love for his beloved will be never ending. Even, some changes may occur in nature which always show the sequence of transient trend of life. The influences on change-ability of the nature over the earth are melancholy and transitory. Human beings are developed in the earth and flourished through some changes day by day after a short span of time, causing decay and destruction, he dies and his everything on earth is faded away as a symbol transient growth of nature. The poet thinks that he has unlimited love towards his beloved and this love is never changed as the nature changes and develops and withers. The beauties on earth are temporary and as such melancholic strain prevails in its every influence over the plants, environment and the situation that occurs after alteration of the nature. The earth is changing with the changes of nature and his love cannot be changed which is permanently bedded on integrity, peace and faith in his heart. The poet presents a true love, which is uncommon, but illuminating conflagration will occur spontaneously. The nature is encountered with interminable sequence of earthly objects and beauteous emission occurs in the mental attitude of the poet. To speak the truth, the poet has an immense love for his beloved and in exchange of anything it is pure and unparalleled. The poet envisages that due to changes on the nature, his love will never be changed rather it will be hidden forever. In his poem, the theme is ideally judged in terms of allegorical meaning of real love and purity of life. Like wise, in his every sonnet, the critics of men women relationship are the mainstream and these are metaphorically reflected like the glittering rays of the sun. Similarly, Shakespeare’s other sonnet like Sonnet No. XXIII and sonnet No. XXII and XVII respectively, and in this connection, almost same attitude and feelings have been placed as a token of love, sympathy and demerits of love have been vividly contemplated. Of course, Shakespeare has written a number of poems on nature like ‘Under the Green wood tree” where he has expressed the feelings to live under the green wood tree. In his famous comedy,” As you like it”, he has emphasized the importance of nature in the sense that nature in the forest of Arden is the symbol of peace and tranquility of life where the people irrespective of caste and creed can live life long as the best place to live peacefully under the green wood tree. Only there are some adverse materials that are rough weather and winter bare that may focus rough ingredients against dealing normal life. But if a man is accustomed to live in the forest, he may overcome such difficulties easily. William Shakespeare in his almost literary works like Much adieu about nothing, As you like it, A mid summer night’s dream, Othelo, Tempest, Hamlet, Julius Caesar, Cresida and Troilus, Twelfth night etc., has written poems showing the sequence of love, contrast and conflicts of life.

The poet Shakespeare has given priority to reflect something on the expansion of morality of human beings as envisaged in his famous book, ‘Measures for Measure’ and in order to flourish it; he has emphasized the beauty of life’s race and its widespread implication of love in a significant manner. These are tremendously influenced in the story because Shakespeare knew the beauty and ornaments of life and as such he has applied the sense of sophistication and responsiveness in his characters. Indeed, his poems are the sources of inspiration of life from which he has drawn a nice contrast in every of his creativity. It is really a basic rhyme when Shakespeare creates a message of sympathy and inspiration. Hence the poet says,” Cowards die many times before their deaths, the valiant never taste of death but one’. In his famous sonnet,” Crabbed age and youth”, he has carefully thought about the actual entity of youth envisaging the rhyme that youth is the source of all happiness”. In this poem, the prolific readers know the consequences of old age that is a bar to progress and prosperity of life. But Shakespeare says that youth is like a summer morn where age is nimble and winter bare. In Shakespeare’s poem, the universal demand of life is the increasing attitude of its own dimension reflected as bright object of scattering every where to substantiate all hopes and aspirations of life. The poet has sometimes extended his writing towards insignificant shadow of black cloud in the sense that love and fraternity are precondition to achieve bright future of life and its pattern of explicit criteria lie in between merits and demerits. In Macbeth he has shown that over ambition is a dangerous thing and he says the following statement, which are pedagogical aspects in the silent world envisaging a clear stream of reason in the wake of a shadow which is trimmed and idealistic in the eye of real personality worthy of skeptical and inquisitiveness.

” Out! Out! Brief candle

A life’s but a walking shadows

A poor player!

That struts and frets his hour upon the stage

And then is heard no more, it’s a tale

Told by an idiot, it is full of sound and fury

Signifying nothing “

In view of the above, it is obvious that the poet’s love is heavenly dedicated which lies forever. It is neither perishable nor changeable. According to him, his perpetual and happy love always remains in his inward eye, which reveals the utmost sphere of livelihood. His life is without love for his beloved does not show any significance of real life in due sense. In Hamlet, Shakespeare has ideally applied the sense of human conflicts that are basic strategy of life. He has presented his Hamlet in different literary feelings and philosophy of life by applying various rhymes of poems to retaliate real life situation that envisage the critics of human contrast and conflicts as the reflections of social problems. Hamlet is the name of an actor where the lines of poems as resorted by Shakespeare are animated, relevant and furthermore; these are tremendously favourite in the eye of the prolific readers who are the critical devotees of Shakespeare. It has duly stirred the heart of the readers in view of its beauty of truth to expand the maxim of human problems and its widespread solutions. William Shakespeare was the greatest author for all times. He was the only personality who had scrutinized firstly the dimension of human psychology and added the increased truth of beauty inside the literary feelings. In Hamlet, he had critically examined the philosophy of human conflicts and tried to bring about a change in between the critics of men and women by way of poetical diction.

Shakespeare’s Hamlet has been bequeathed as a token of ideal personality who had tried to his utmost heart to enlighten his inquisitiveness feelings about his father’s death. He was dumbfounded to see the uncle’s behaviour for his marriage with his mother. He was mentally tormented with thoughts about his unusual departure from this ephemeral world. He was informed about his father’s death but it was falsely implicated. Despite this darkness, he came to learn about his father’s killers by way of the ghostly spirit of his father. But he was found restless in the state of meticulous suspicion about his father’s death. So he arranged to act a play ‘ The murder of Gongago’ where the facts and the critics of the drama will cause the killers predominated to understand their reactions of mind for commission of crimes which was heinous in the eye of a healthy society. There after, he was confirmed about the culprits of his father who left him desolated like unseen and unknown about what had happened to him. He promised to take revenge against them – Claudious and his mother. His famous remarks are widely vibrated towards the audience greatly. He uttered to his utmost heart as an outcry of his feelings for survival on earth. ” To be or not to be, that is the question”. He was dedicated within himself that he would either die or live in taking revenge. He had delayed to revenge in the sense that he was suffering from indecision.

Shakespeare’s senses of application in composing sonnets and other poems are unparalleled in the realm of poetic world. Normally, a sonnet is a poem of fourteen lines, which is full of emotion and deep thought. Shakespeare’s sonnet has a unique entity, which show the sequence of universal quest of love, fraternity, enmity and human contrast in a systematic way. Shakespeare was only the personality who understood the modern philosophy of life and the culture that traditionally reflected social conflicts and contrasts spontaneously. He introduced two trends of conflicts that were of tragedy and the play within tragedy. Hamlet was a play of misfortunes and social conflicts, which were accepted by the then social conditions and the crisis as reflected in his play for accelerating the basic strategy of life. William Shakespeare has been successful in reflecting human contrast and feelings of love universally in creating separate world of poetic diction.

The concept of science fair

The concept of science fair has been come down to us from European education pattern and their growth of culture. They firstly thought ” Science fair must be based on creativity by cultivating knowledge and intelligence of the learners”. According to Commoneous, ” Science fair needs to be introduced in different educational institutions by considering its pedagogical phenomena based on practical knowledge and skills” . Borris Sidis, a famous psychologist says,” There is no alternate of practical knowledge to gain proper education in the field of science and Technology and hence the steps for science fair is needed as a taken of creativity and awareness for acquiring knowledge among the students “. Hence, the steps for science fair in the educational institute are ideally envisaged and contemporary.

In our country, every year science fair is held in different educational institute annually to create motivation of research work and enthusiasm. The teachers first collect the names and list them that they will create a project based on science and technology. The students who are found interestedness to introduce a new science work take a challenge and become capable of showing a different a creative work. He selects a project and thinks over the work the and the nature of technology behind it. Actually, he becomes responsible of inventing something like a scientist. so, it is found off and on that the students have able to show a nice presentation in science fair. He sometimes shows something different from modern age. They can project from ancient and mediaeval age.

The authority of different schools and colleges arrange science fair in order to show the eagerness of actual knowledge and skills among the students. at this, a congenial atmosphere is developed in the institution because, they are concerning their heads about new inventions and discovery and they become conscious of awakening their ideas and thoughts.

In the context of Bangladesh, every year different schools and colleges arrange science fair. They first invite names from the interested students who are willing to make the project work and to focus it in the science fair. They, like the scientists carry on research work like making law, hypothesis and theory. They seek respective ideas from different books and the achievement of scientists of the world. At last they present their creativity and clear project is reflected in the fair.

Arranging science fair is a significant step of different educational institution through which an intensified effort is led to flourish and enrich the knowledge and skills on science. It is hoped in future that the steps to arrange science fair is a strong and predominate criteria to strengthen the cultivation of knowledge in applying the definitive sense of science.

An unpleasant memory

Mrs. Heamans was immensely distraught for a couple of weeks having espied greatly irregularities in the drudgery of her personal driver, Arora. Immediately after his appointment, he has been accustomed to make complaints after complaints against her daughter, Kith. Kith is a teenage girl who is a student of Class VII in a British convent, 3 Kilometers away from her residence Kolarua City. Every time, Kith asks the driver to go beside the Lake where innumerable sea-gulls are there which fascinate such little girl to gaze at hours after hours for which Kith’s arrival occur delayed immeasurably every time to reach her home. Hemans has observed the activities of Arora since his joining. Arora, before joining, he was an unmixed schoolboy and after his father’s impulsive death, he was at a loss what to do. Finding no other alternative, he took this job to earn his livelihood.

Mrs. Hemans had a school in the city where she had to attend her office from 8:00 A.M. to 6:00 PM. Arora’s duty was entrusted with Hemans as well as her daughter. Arora was not free from his childish behaviour and as such he was liked by Kith by his unususal courage and hardihood. He took Kith every day beside the lake after her school hours and spent hours after hours by discussing about the sea gulls and the nature. At this, Mrs Hemans would not satisfy with him and always asked him not to comly with Kith. Kith is a very bright student and has impressed every students and teachers by her helping attitude towards her class-mates and is found very attentive towards studies. One day, Kith asked Arora to go to Miraraju, an ancient city, 5 killometers apaprt from her residence. They went there and enjoyed natural scenes. They had to spend there for about 12 hours and they returned home at 9:00 PM. Having seen such irregularities, she flew into a rage and asked Arora the reason of such delay. Arara said every thing about Kith and her arrival at Mirarju. Mrs. Hemans said nothing and stopped from attending school for a couple of days. She observed the movement of Kith and Arora and found out one thing that there was a close relationship between them. It was though a fabricated thought that had stirred her mind extensively. Like every day, Arora does his duties punctually and in the midst of his duty, Mrs Hemans asked him not to do his duty further. Arora tried to explain the situation, but Mrs Hemans did not allow him to do so. She roared with anger and said, “Stop that at once immediately’’. Afterwards, when Kith found no driver to attend her school, she asked her Mum about her going to school. Mrs. Hemans did not reply anything. Kith understood the situation and told everything about her going to the side of the Lake. She said in reply that loving in nature is her uncommon habit and she belives in liberty and punctuality of the students. To see the movement of the sea-gulls is her habit and she gets unbounded gaiety and pleasure having discovered the source of pleasure in them.

Mrs. Hemans went there in one occasion and became pleased at this and sent for the driver Arora to join his post. Arora did not join further. Mrs. Hemans did not allow anybody to work as a driver. She himself does it. Now she is self sufficient in controlling her and her office. But she always remains tormented with mental thoughts that she had committed a great sin by dismissing Arora from his post. This was her unpleasant memory that she never forgets from the pages of her life.

She always murmurs a few lines of the poem composed by Robert Bridge

“ Like the empty words of a dream

Remembered on waking”

Bahai communities in the banner of Islam

Suffice it to say that presently in contemporary age, the researchers with a multiplicity of educational and theological wellbeing are recommending controversial theories about the Quaran and Islamic history, and are striving to reinterpret Islam for the modern world. This is, as one scholar puts it, a “susceptible commerce.” All the way through the past century, the Baha’is of Iran has been maltreated. With the victory of the Islamic upheaval in 1979, this discrimination has been standardizing. More than 200 Baha’is have been executed, hundreds more have been imprisoned, and tens of thousands have been deprived of jobs, pensions, businesses, and educational opportunities. All national Baha’i administrative structures have been banned by the government, and holy places, shrines and cemeteries have been confiscated, vandalized and destroyed eventually.
While the people involved in different forum under the banner of Islam at the free contemplation of Mecca often spoke fun at their membership in various Zionist and Freemason funded conspiracies, the survival of real victims of such accusations was no laughing matter. The Baha’is in Iran has taken the role of the Jews in medieval Christian Europe. They are persecuted for crimes they committed only in the imagination of religious fascists. The powers that be in many Islamic countries have expressed a deep hatred for the gentle Baha’is, and openly acknowledge the faith as a threat to the true deem. The persecution is not only in Iran, but all over West Asia and North Africa. January of 1986, one Egyptian cleric remarked that “a Baha’i deserves the penalty of an apostate… one who should either be brought to repentance or killed.”² This is how the “tolerant” and “loving” scholars of Allah’s true religion feel about those who put forth a more peace-loving version of their faith.
This deep animosity for the Baha’is is found on every level of the global ummah, from high-ranking clerics, to part-time cyber-mujahideen thugs who invade Baha’i newsgroups and chats. The fact that Muslims would show so much hatred for such a tolerant religion is one that leaves yet another black eye on the already besmirched record of the Islamic religion. Because of this, the Muslims often try justify their hatred for Baha’is by cooking up all sorts of insane conspiracy theories about them being Zionists, Free Masons, or a plot hatched by the Soviets. The first step was to follow in the footsteps of similar sorts of insane conspiracy theories launched at the Jews. Just as there are the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, anti-Baha’i fascists cooked up the fictitious Memoirs of Count Dogorouki, a manuscript of Persian origin that claims a Russian diplomat confessed to creating the Baha’i faith as part of a plot to broaden Russian imperialism.

In view of the above, it is seen that after the Russian revolution, interpretations of the Memoirs were misrepresented to claim that the Baha’i faith was a Soviet/Marxist plot. When Britain tried to colonize Iran, the claim that the Baha’is was “British agents” became quite popular. Of course, after the creation of the state of Israel, the fact that the Baha’is had headquarters in Haifa helped corroborate the claim that they were “Zionists.” Another tag that was later added was that of “Freemasons” (which is a wholly ambiguous term for the collective bogeyman from the Islamic standpoint, and has nothing to do with the realities of that Fraternal order). The religion of Mohammad (SM) as envisaged in Al-Quaran ensures an ideal life based on codes, ethics, regulation and rules further than doubt pertinent to all humans. Al Quaran is the absolute code of life with which there is a chronological flow in between death and life. This time without end is a very temporary life but the transient growth of human lives one day will finish and thereafter another life will start and as such we are afraid of almighty whether our punishment will be more after eternal life. It is said that

 

Man is unjust, God is just and finally justice triumph. Our prophet’s life was not a bed of roses; rather it was based on bed of thorns. Through unrestricted sorrows, he has spent his life and by utmost hard struggling, he has established and enriched his religion ‘Islam’. As has been highlighted and focused widely, it is obvious that not only Bahai, but also many people of variety of communities through out the whole world misguide the lives of the muslins and as such, the muslins have struggled to establish the truth which is bestowed by God. All men are created equally but presently, the differentials and deprivation against the Muslims have been created tremendously. We should forget any obstacles and rather we should embrace one another under the shadow of peace and opulence of life. Prophet Mohammad(SM) has taught forgiveness, justice, equality, fraternity, peace and human race of live. In this context, two lines of poem composed by Rudyard Kipling is worth mentioning:

‘Forgiveness free of evil done

And love to all men neath the sun’

 

Animal’s farm, a protest against tyranny

The story ‘Animals Farm’ by George Orwell has the political allegory where the author has focussed a criticism of British Empire through reflecting and upgrading the characters under the banner of animal farm. George Orwell had written his book ‘Animal farm” in such a state of affairs of world politics where socio economic circumstances of some countries relating to Africa, Asia and other European countries being ruled over by British regime were politically down in the dumps and tyrannized. The author thought that the super power British regime once upon a time will go down and other countries may flourish as self-determining state. In this book, he criticized the British regime in the sense that they should judge other nations and give freedom to live peacefully and ideally. According to the author, the animals are super power based as they maintain chain of command as the separate entity of a series of autonomy and basic practicality of momentary conscious life. . The animals have separate society where they can adjudicate wrong and right to lead lives controlled and cleanly. They can explore windmills to generate energy to extract foods for survival ideally and sophisticatedly. The animals are very much conscious about the well beings of other as the humans deal. Even though, the animals have besmirched humans in many occasions but in due course, the story has been finished with the victory of humans.

Humans have separate dwellings where they are independent and they have separate globes to specialize their knowledge and skills. It is a significant fact that Mr. John has tried to check the rebellion of the animals as they are found distractedness to work for the sake of humans and the animals were fully united to declare a free land for animalism. The characters that have been reflected in the book were bedded on separate features and ideologies which attenuate a separate document as a symbol of peace and harmony as visualized in terms of belligerent and shake-up. The story begins with a dream of Old Major which speaks of a separate world where there will be no humans, only the animals will survive. In this striking land, the animals will rule over the entire globe specifically created for the animals and as such they will have mighty strength and knowledge through which they will rule over humans under the banner of seven commandments. Such commandants were promulgated by the Old Major himself and he accordingly creates awareness with this true basis as set forth in terms of necessity. Sequentially, the animals have right to live with their own freedom and hopes. The other animals strived to realize their basic entity and assembled with Old Major. Having heard such postulates, Mr. Johns led attempts to foil the plan of such old pig and later, in the next day he died serenely.

Suffice it to say, the author has created a separate environment where there exists society, freedom of speaking and time to take decision on the plan of Old major. Like humans, the animals have their own jealousy, vanity and aspirations to move against each other. I don’t find anything is vital and filtrate in the animal farm without Snow ball. Snowball was very much benevolent and sympathetic with other animals as because, Benjamin and Napoleon jointly declared that they are the future predicators of animal farms but in real sense Snowball was the heart of animal farm that had intensive feelings with the object to reconstruct the animal farm. He had thrown advice to other animals that they should follow the instructions of Old Major. According to him, he was completely dedicated to well-beings of animal farm. Such extraordinary features have been vibrantly promulgated virtually. According to the contents of the story, Napoleon and Snowball are the two competitors who were rival each other. Snowball was a rigorous possessor of animalism who had no vanity in his mind. He was daring, clever and compassionate to other animals. He was very much loyal to his ancestor, Mr. John.

Having heard the death of his great master, he became remorse and dilapidated. He knew the actual truth what had happened but he had never disclosed the fact in the sense there might conflict afflictions among the animals. On the other hand, Napoleon was a cunning animal of vanity based and self callous gluttony. He led his life under false banner. He had mortification in his mind all the time; even he had lack of sincerity and modesty. Snowball was frank and accountable. He led his life very meticulously for which he was taken to task by Napoleon who has delicate vanity of his mind. It has been focussed to Napoleon that Snowball had a secret connection with humans and as such in order to show his gravity and stature, he called for other animals. He had created offensive lists of the animals and slaughtered them by himself. Snowball had no scheme to humiliation other animals. It was Clover who astutely understood that killing of other animals on the part of the animals is restricted which has been written in seven Commandants. When he in no doubts the mater to Napoleon, he uttered that any animal may be killed with reasons. Napoleon had guilty mind to disgrace and kill others for which he had a greater influences over other animals. Snowball had truthful outcries at the rude behaviour of Napoleon and henceforth he was being able to hide himself under the banner of dark cloud. He was bedded on courage and hardihood for which he had to tolerate unrestrained troubles while extracting hays and rebuilding windmills.
In the last part of the story, the two characters- Napoleon and Snowball had like chalk and cheese a trait which has been vivaciously reflected by George Orwell. One is the symbol of animal character and the other is bedded on pollution, lack of indignity and jealousy. In fine, the breeches of trust among other animals with Napoleon have been revitalized crucially. Not only that, the humans have won in the battle between the animals and humans which took place despite centralising the characters of strong will force, unity and chain of command amongst the animals. According to the author, the joys for animosity has been downtrodden as jealousy, vanity, tyrannies and autocracy worked in maintaining a geologized peace and harmony in question.

Modern Technology, a criteria for rapid growth of Management reforms

In the world of globalization, Information system is such where data are collected, classified and put into process interpreting the result thereon in order to provide an integrated series of information for further communicating and analyzing. In a progressively more spirited worldwide atmosphere, Information System plays the role as ‘enabler and facilitator’, which endows with tactical values to the officialdom and considerable step up to the excellence of administration. ‘An Information System is a particular type of work system that uses information technology to detain, put on the air, store, retrieve, manipulate or display information, thereby partisan one or more other work structure’. In totting up to taking side’s assessment making, co-ordination and control, information systems may also help managers and workers investigate problems, envisage complex subjects and generate new merchandise or services.

Work systems and the information systems that support typically undergo at least four phases: a) initiation, the process of defining the need to change an existing work system b) development, the process of acquiring and configuring/installing the necessary hardware, software and other resources c) implementation, the process of making new system operational in the organisation, and d) Operation and maintenance, the process concerned with the operation of the system, correcting any problems that may arise and ensuring that the system is delivering the anticipating benefits. The management of these processes can be achieved and controlled using a series of techniques and management tools which, collectively, tend to be known as Structured Methodologies. Two important methodologies: v PRINCE (Projects IN a Controlled Environment), and v SSADM (Structured Systems Analysis and Design Methodology), developed by the Central Computing and Telecommunications Agency (CCTA), are used widely in the UK public sector and in some Developing Countries, like Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal etc. Prior to comment on the application of these methods in the Developing Countries, it would be pertinent to describe brief outlines of these methodologies.
This system is vitally important in order to build leadership development and unnecessary things not important for Management. It allows only the viable and feasible variables to revitalize the production strain as a tentative flow. Prince system is applicable only when there exists a RDBMS (a system works on Data Base Management System) is operative to strengthen the growth of management step by step. The management develops a system where misuse of funds and manpower excess can easily be checked so that further planning for future arrangement of better economy is possible to be established.